
How does the machine produce short wavelngth and high frequency just like we find in electromagnetic spectrum?
The electron temperature gradient mode has been proposed to be a source of exper-
imentally relevant electron thermal transport, via a variety of nonlinear phenomena
such as the generation of streamers. The question of streamer stability and satura-
tion is revisited, with the effects of geometry and perturbation stability highlighted.
It is shown that the streamer saturation level is not determined by the balance
of Kelvin-Helmholtz rate vs. linear growth rate, but by balancing the nonlinear
Kelvin-Helmholtz drive against damping mechanisms of the Kelvin-Helmholtz per-
turbation. In addition, random shear suppression of ETG turbulence by drift-ion
temperature gradient (DITG) modes is studied, and it is found that streamers will
be sensitive to shearing by short-wavelength DITG modes. An additonal interaction
mechanism, modulations of the electron temperature gradient induced by the DITG
turbulence, is considered and shown to be quite significant.
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